Front Squat

What is Front Squat:

The Front Squat is a compound lower-body exercise that emphasizes the quadriceps through a knee-dominant squat pattern. The barbell is positioned across the front of the shoulders, using a clean grip or cross-arm grip, which promotes a more upright torso and greater core engagement. This setup increases anterior chain activation—particularly the quads and core—making it popular for improving squat mechanics, athletic performance, and overall leg strength. With proper technique, it enhances muscle growth, posture control, and joint mobility—ideal for both beginners and seasoned lifters.

Key Benefits:

  • Size and Strength: Targets the quadriceps, glutes, and hip adductors, promoting muscle growth and strength improvement.
  • Joint Stability: Enhances hip, knee, and ankle stability by engaging supporting muscles throughout the movement, contributing to joint health and injury prevention.
  • Core Activation: Requires core engagement to maintain stability and control throughout the movement, contributing to core strength and stability.
  • Functional Strength: Improves leg extension, hip extension, and hip adduction strength, and overall fitness, translating to improved performance in daily activities and sports.

Variations:

  • Sumo Squat: Performed with a wide stance and outward-angled toes, emphasizing the hip adductors and glutes.
  • Low Bar Squat: Barbell positioned across the rear delts for a hip-dominant squat pattern, emphasizing the glutes and hamstrings with a forward lean.
  • High Bar Squat: Barbell placed high on the traps to promote an upright torso, targeting the quads more heavily than posterior muscles.
  • Overhead Squat: Barbell held overhead with arms fully extended; requires full-body control, thoracic mobility, and quad-dominant movement.
  • Goblet Squat: A dumbbell or kettlebell is held at chest level with both hands, reinforcing posture and focusing on quad recruitment and core bracing.
  • Zercher Squat: Barbell positioned in the crook of the elbows, held close to the torso; emphasizes core activation and anterior chain, particularly the quads.
  • Barbell Pistol Squat: Single-leg weighted squat performed with one leg extended; challenges balance and mobility while primarily targeting quads.

How to perform Front Squats:

  • Starting Position: Position the barbell across the front of your shoulders—not on the back. Use a clean grip or cross-arm grip depending on comfort and mobility. Keep elbows up and forward, allowing the bar to rest securely on your delts. Brace your core, unrack the bar, and take 2–3 steps back. Feet should be shoulder-width apart, with toes slightly pointed outward.
  • Execution: Initiate the movement by bending the knees and hips, keeping your torso upright and elbows high. Lower yourself until your hips drop below parallel or as mobility allows. Drive through your heels and midfoot to return to standing, maintaining knee alignment and core engagement.
  • Repetition: Repeat the movement for your desired number of repetitions.

Breathing Technique:

Proper breathing is crucial for maximizing performance and maintaining stamina throughout the exercise. Experiment with what you're comfortable with and let you perform your best. For starters, you can try the following:

  • Inhale: Inhale at the starting position before descending.
  • Exhale: Exhale near the top of the ascent or after returning to the starting position.
  • Shallow Breaths: Avoid holding your breath for too long, and inhale/exhale throughout the movement as necessary.
  • Unnecessary Foot Movement: Avoid overcompensation or unnecessary movement of your feet and keep them firmly in place. While it is okay to move your feet to better position yourself, it is advisable to be firm before starting the descent, considering unnecessary movement can potentially mess up your movement efficiency and performance, especially if you plan to do it with added weight.
  • Knees Over Toes: Unless you are experiencing knee pain or undergoing rehabilitation that specifically restricts knee movement beyond the ankles and toes, don't hesitate to allow your knees to pass over your toes to help build joint resilience.
  • Knee Alignment: While knees caving in is quite normal due to some overcompensations or lack of mobility, usually when the intensity is so high, like in weighted squats, try to keep your knees going in the same direction your feet are facing.
  • Depth with Control: Go as low as flexibility allows while keeping form. Avoid posterior pelvic tilt at the bottom, also known as butt wink.
    •

    Additional Information:

    Ways to make it easier:

    • Decreasing the Range of Motion - partial reps, only go as far as you can handle
    • Decreasing the Weight

    Ways to make it harder:

    • Playing with the Tempo & adding an Isometric phase (pause/hold)
    • Increasing the Weight